The November Group (German: Novembergruppe) was a group of German expressionist artists and architects. Formed on 3 December 1918, they took their name from the month of the German Revolution.
The group was led by Max Pechstein and César Klein. Linked less by their styles of art than by shared socialist values, the group campaigned for radical artists to have a greater say in such issues as the organisation of art schools, and new laws around the arts. The group merged in December 1918 with Arbeitsrat für Kunst (Workers Council of the arts - or 'The Art Soviet').
Weimar Republic
The artists of the November group described themselves as radical and revolutionary. Their work, like that of the similar Arbeitsrat für Kunst aimed to support a socialist revolution in Germany. A key objective of the group was the union of art and the people. Furthermore, the group tried to influence public and cultural aspects of society.
In 1921 artists from the left wing of the November Group called for an end to the "bourgeois development" of the artists. The declaration was signed by Otto Dix, George Grosz, Raoul Hausmann, John Heartfield, Hannah Höch, Rudolf Schlichter and Georg Scholz.
In 1922 the decentralised Novemberg group restructured away from a conglomeration of local groups and became part of the "Cartel of advanced artistic groups in Germany" (Kartell fortschrittlicher Künstlergruppen in Deutschland).
A synthesis of styles is a characteristic of the group, often referred to as cubo-futo-expressionism, (Kubofutoexpressionismus) but really the group had quite disparate output which makes classification rather problematic.
As well as painters there were mainy artists from other disciplines such as architecture and music. The musicians became one of the driving forces under their leader Max Butting (later replaced by Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt).
The November Group held regular art festivals, costume parties, studio visits, literary and musical events.
Founding members
The group was initially founded mainly by painters Max Pechstein, Georg Tappert, César Klein, Moriz Melzer and Heinrich Richter. At the first meeting on 3.12.1918 they were joined by Karl Jakob Hirsch, Bernhard Hasler, Richard Janthur, Rudolf Bauer, Bruno Krauskopf, Otto Freundlich, Wilhelm Schmid, the sculptor Rudolf Belling and the architect Erich Mendelsohn. From this group the first working committee were drawn.
Members
A definitive list of all the members of the group is rather difficult to establish due to a lack of early documentation. However, one of the exhibition catalogues was reprinted in 1925 with the following list of names:
- Lou Albert-Lasard
- George Antheil
- Rudolf Ausleger
- Herbert Behrens-Hangeler
- Rudolf Belling
- Hans Brass
- Max Butting
- Carel Willink
- Heinrich Maria Davringhausen
- Walter Dexel
- Hanns Eisler
- Conrad Felixmüller
- Lyonel Feininger
- Otto Freundlich
- Paul Goesch
- Otto Griebel
- Gustav Havemann
- Karl Jakob Hirsch
- Wilhelm Heckrot
- Hans Siebert von Heister
- Oswald Herzog
- Hannah Höch
- Lothar Homeyer
- Jascha Horenstein
- Philipp Jarnach
- Walter Kampmann
- Wassily Kandinsky
- Bernhard Klein
- César Klein
- Fritz Klein
- Issai Kulvianski
- Otto Lange
- El Lissitzky
- Thilo Maatsch
- Ewald Mataré
- Moriz Melzer
- Carlo Mense
- Hilla von Rebay
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
- Otto Möller
- Rudolf Möller
- Georg Muche
- Albert Mueller
- Felix Petyrek
- Enrico Prampolini
- Kurt Hermann Rosenberg
- Paul Schmolling
- Arthur Segal
- Rudolf Schlichter
- Wilhelm Schmid
- Heinrich Stegemann
- Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt
- Georg Tappert
- Bruno Taut
- Heinz Tiessen
- Wladimir Rudolfowitsch Vogel
- Kurt Weill
- Gert Wollheim
- Stefan Wolpe
- Niko Wassiliew
- Walter Spies. [1]
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